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Heads of State

Kings, Queens and Others

Posterity alone rightly judges kings. Posterity alone has the right to accord or withhold honours.{a}

Index to our history set into the context of the Heads of State serving in England/Britain

Our Current Head of State
King Charles III
King Charles III
House of Windsor
8th September 2022 to date

Heads of State

This page covers Heads of State in England/Britain from the discovery of St Helena onwards. The years covered are . Included are the two Lord Protectors during the Interregnum (1649-1660) and the periods when there was no formal Head of State, the role being performed by Parliament. Note that Great Britain was created in 1707 by the Act of Union, which merged England and Scotland into a single kingdom, the Kingdom of Great Britain. Prior to 1707 St Helena was an English possession so only English Heads of State are shown in that period. The dates shown are the dates during which the person served as Head of State{2}.

For more details see en.wikipedia.org/‌wiki/‌List‌_‌of‌_‌English‌_‌monarchs (1502-1707) and en.wikipedia.org/‌wiki/‌List‌_‌of‌_‌British‌_‌monarchs (1707-today) or click either the image or the Wikipedia logo (Inline Image @@E@@) to see the Wikipedia page for each individual Head of State.

For each Head of State there is a link to our Events Database whereby you can see the St Helena (and related) events that occurred during the applicable years. This link will open in your browser in the same page/tab; use your browser’s ‘Back’ button to return - if you want a new page/tab most browsers allow you to right-click and select this.

QUESTION: What was King George VI’s first name? (Answer below.)

Heads of State

Below: King Henry VIIKing Henry VIIIKing Edward VILady Jane GreyQueen Mary IQueen Elizabeth IKing James IKing Charles INo Head of StateOliver CromwellRichard CromwellNo Head of StateKing Charles IIKing James IINo Head of StateKing William III & Queen Mary IIKing William IIIQueen AnneKing George IKing George IIKing George IIIKing George IVKing William IVQueen VictoriaKing Edward VIIKing George VKing Edward VIIIKing George VIQueen Elizabeth IIKing Charles III

King Henry VII

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King Henry VII

22nd August 1485 to 21st April 1509
House of Tudor
St Helena events for 1485 to 1509

King Henry VIII

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King Henry VIII

21st April 1509 to 28th January 1547
House of Tudor
St Helena events for 1509 to 1547

King Edward VI

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King Edward VI

28th January 1547 to 6th July 1553
House of Tudor
St Helena events for 1547 to 1553

Lady Jane Grey

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Lady Jane Grey

10th July 1553 to 19th July 1553
House of Tudor
St Helena events for 1553

Queen Mary I

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Queen Mary I

19th July 1553 to 17th November 1558
Bloody Mary
House of Tudor
St Helena events for 1553 to 1558

Queen Elizabeth I

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Queen Elizabeth I

17th November 1558 to 24th March 1603
House of Tudor
St Helena events for 1558 to 1603

King James I

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King James I

24th March 1603 to 27th March 1625
House of Stuart
St Helena events for 1603 to 1625

King Charles I

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King Charles I

27th March 1625 to 30th January 1649
House of Stuart
St Helena events for 1625 to 1649

No Head of State

30th January 1649 to 16th December 1653
Rule by Parliament alone
St Helena events for 1649 to 1653

Oliver Cromwell

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Oliver Cromwell

16th December 1653 to 3rd September 1658
Lord Protector
St Helena events for 1653 to 1658

Richard Cromwell

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Richard Cromwell

3rd September 1658 to 7th May 1659
Lord Protector
St Helena events for 1658 to 1659

No Head of State

7th May 1659 to 29th May 1660
Rule by Parliament alone
St Helena events for 1659 to 1660

King Charles II

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King Charles II

29th May 1660 to 6th February 1685
House of Stuart
St Helena events for 1660 to 1685

King James II

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King James II

6th February 1685 to 23rd December 1688
House of Stuart
St Helena events for 1685 to 1688

No Head of State

23rd December 1688 to 13th February 1689
Rule by Parliament alone
St Helena events for 1688 to 1689

King William III & Queen Mary II

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King William III & Queen Mary II

13th February 1689 to 28th December 1694
William of Orange
House of Stuart (Mary)
House of Orange (William)
St Helena events for 1689 to 1694

King William III

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King William III

28th December 1694 to 8th March 1702
William of Orange
House of Orange
St Helena events for 1694 to 1702

Queen Anne

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Queen Anne

8th March 1702 to 1st August 1714
House of Stuart
St Helena events for 1702 to 1714

King George I

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King George I

1st August 1714 to 11th June 1727
House of Hanover
St Helena events for 1714 to 1727

King George II

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King George II

11th June 1727 to 25th October 1760
House of Hanover
St Helena events for 1727 to 1760

King George III

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King George III

25th October 1760 to 29th January 1820
House of Hanover
St Helena events for 1760 to 1820

King George IV

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King George IV

29th January 1820 to 26th June 1830
House of Hanover
St Helena events for 1820 to 1830

King William IV

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King William IV

26th June 1830 to 20th June 1837
House of Hanover
St Helena events for 1830 to 1837

Queen Victoria

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Queen Victoria

20th June 1837 to 22nd January 1901
House of Hanover
St Helena events for 1837 to 1901

King Edward VII

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King Edward VII

22nd January 1901 to 6th May 1910
Houses of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
St Helena events for 1901 to 1910

King George V

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King George V

6th May 1910 to 20th January 1936
Houses of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha; Retitled House of Windsor in 1917
St Helena events for 1910 to 1936

King Edward VIII

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King Edward VIII

20th January 1936 to 11th December 1936
House of Windsor
St Helena events for 1936

King George VI

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King George VI

11th December 1936 to 6th February 1952
House of Windsor
St Helena events for 1936 to 1952

Queen Elizabeth II

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Queen Elizabeth II

6th February 1952 to 8th September 2022
House of Windsor
St Helena events for 1952 to 2022

King Charles III

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King Charles III

8th September 2022 to date
House of Windsor
St Helena events for 2022 to date

In the past all a king had to do was look respectable in uniform and not fall off his horse.{b}

In line for the throne

Upon the death of a monarch, the throne passes to the monarch’s eldest child{3}. If the monarch dies childless there is a more complicated system than we can describe here. Fortunately the current monarch has children, as does his eldest child, so the following is fairly reliable:

  1. HRH William, Prince of Wales (age:)

  2. HRH Prince George of Wales (age:)

More here en.wikipedia.org/‌wiki/‌Line‌_‌of‌_‌succession‌_‌to‌_‌the‌_‌British‌_‌throne and here en.wikipedia.org/‌wiki/‌Family‌_‌tree‌_‌of‌_‌the‌_‌British‌_‌royal‌_‌family.

Question Answered

King George VI’s first name was Albert. His full name was Albert Frederick Arthur George Windsor - he was known by his family as ‘Bertie’. It was convention that a King was not crowned under his given first name, but under a ‘Regnal Name’, which could be quite different (though in the case of King George VI his Regnal Name was actually one of his given names, but not the first one). This tradition may have now stopped - Queen Elizabeth II and King Charles III were both crowned under their given names, but the position for their descendants has not been decided.

Read More

Below: Text of the Proclamation of King Charles IIICoronation Celebrations, 2023Charter, 1673

Text of the Proclamation of King Charles III

Whereas it has pleased Almighty God to call to His Mercy our late Sovereign Lady Queen Elizabeth the Second of Blessed and Glorious Memory, by whose Decease the Crown is solely and rightfully come to The Prince Charles Philip Arthur George; We, Nigel James Phillips and the citizens of St Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha do now hereby with one voice and Consent of Tongue and Heart publish and proclaim that The Prince Charles Philip Arthur George is now, by the Death of our late Sovereign of Happy Memory, become our only lawful and rightful and Liege Lord Charles the Third, by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of His other Realms and Territories, King, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith, to whom we do acknowledge all Faith and Obedience with humble Affection; beseeching God by whom Kings and Queens do reign to bless His Majesty with long and happy Years to reign over us.

Given under my hand at Jamestown, St Helena, this 11th day of September 2022
GOD SAVE THE KING
Nigel James Phillips CBE Governor

Coronation Celebrations, 2023

This is the schedule for the events in the Grand Parade on Sunday 7th May 2023 to mark the Coronation of King Charles III:

Formal Parade of uniformed contingents and Service of Commemoration

12:00-12:45

Judging of the ‘Royal Bake Off’ entries

13:00-13:30

‘Little King & Little Queen’ competition

13:45-14:30

‘Royal Crown & Gown’ competition

14:30-15:15

Cutting & sharing of The Celebratory Cake with High Tea on sale

14:30

Novelty Sports

15:15

Jacob’s Ladder Challenge

16:00-17:00

Entertainment, Live music and Dance performance

15:30-17:30

Presentation of Prizes

17:30

St Helena Charter, 1673

A Modern-language Version

CHARLES the Second, by the Grace of God King of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith. To all to whom these presents shall come greeting.

WHEREAS at the humble suit of our well-beloved subjects, the Governor and Company of Merchants of London trading into the East Indies, and for the honour and profit of this our Realm, and the encouragement of trade into those remote parts.

We have, by our Royal Charter or Letters Patents, bearing date at Westminster the third day of April in the thirteenth year of our reign [3rd April 1661], granted unto the said Governor and Company of Merchants of London trading into the East Indies, and their successors, that they and their successors and their factors, servants and assigns, in the trade of merchandise for them and on their behalf, and not otherwise, shall for ever have use and enjoy the whole, entire and only trade and traffic.

And the whole, entire and only liberty, use and privilege of trading and trafficking, and using the feat and trade of merchandise, to and from the said East Indies, and to and from all the islands, ports, havens, cities, towns and places within their said Charter.

That is to say, to and from the said East Indies in the countries and parts of Asia and Africa, and to and from the islands, ports, havens, cities, creeks, towns, and places of Asia, Africa, and America, or any of them beyond the Cape of Bona Esperanza to the Straits of Magellan where any trade or traffic of merchandise may be used or had.

And that it should and might be lawful to and for the said Governor and Company and their successors, from time to time and at all times from thenceforth, to erect and build such castles, fortifications, forts, garrisons, and to erect such colonies, and make such plantations at St Helena as also elsewhere within the limits and bounds of trade granted unto the said Governor and Company as aforesaid, as they in their discretions should think fit and requisite.

AND FOR the supplying of such as should be requisite to keep or be in the same, to send out of this Kingdom, to the said castles, fortifications, forts, garrisons, colonies or plantations, all kind of clothing, provision of victuals, ammunition, and supplements necessary for such purposes, without paying of any custom, subsidy or other duty for the same.

As also to transport and carry over such number of men being willing thereunto, as they shall think fit.

And also to govern them in such legal and reasonable manner as the said Governor and Company should think fit, and to inflict punishment for misdemeanours or impose such fines upon them for breach of their orders as in our said Charter are expressed.

AND WHEREAS also by our said Royal Charter or Letters Patents, we have ordained that there shall be a Governor and twenty-four Committees of the said Company to be elected and appointed in such form as therein is expressed, who shall have, from time to time, the direction of the voyages of and for the said Company, and the provision of the shipping and merchandises there unto belonging;

And also the sale of all merchandises, goods and other things returned in all or any of the voyages or ships of or for the said Company, and the managing and handling of all other business affairs and things belonging to the said Company.

And likewise that it shall and may be lawful to and for the said Governor and Company for the time being, or the major part of them present at any public assembly, commonly called the Court General, holden for the said Company (the said Governor of the said Company being always one) from time to time to elect, nominate and appoint one of the said Company to be the Deputy to the said Governor, who from time to time in the absence of the said Governor shall exercise and execute the office of Governor of the said Company in such sort as the said Governor ought to do, as by our said Charter or Letters Patents (reference being thereunto had) amongst diverse other grants, liberties, immunities, privileges and pre-eminencies, may more fully appear.

AND WHEREAS, in pursuance of our said Royal Charter, the said Governor and Company did at their own cost and charge erect several forts and fortifications at St Helena aforesaid, being an Island situate in or near Africa, beyond the line and on this side the Cape Bona Speranza, and place a garrison there, and were proceeding to plant and people the same, and for that purpose had transported diverse of our Subjects who were willing thereunto to inhabit there:

But our said Subjects inhabiting on the said Island were lately in time of war between us and the States of the United Provinces by force of arms dispossessed thereof by the Subjects and forces of the said States, and the said States or their Subjects had and kept the quiet possession thereof for several Months together [January to May 1673].

AND WHEREAS by the blessing of God on our royal ships and forces under the command of Capt. Richard Munden the said Island and all and singular the forts, fortifications, and other the appurtenances thereunto belonging, were retaken from the said States and their Subjects, and a garrison of our Subjects placed there.

By virtue or reason whereof the said Island and all and singular the forts fortifications, erections and buildings thereof, with the appurtenances, are vested in us, our heirs and successors, in the right of our Crown, and all the artillery, arms, armour, weapons, ordnance, munitions, magazines, stores, goods, chattels and moveables whatsoever, which were there found at the time our said forces retook the same (as aforesaid) do of right belong unto us and to none other.

AND WHEREAS the said Island hath been found by experience to be very convenient and commodious for our loving Subjects, the said Governor and Company of Merchants of London trading into the East Indies, for the refreshing of their servants and people in their return homewards (being often then weak and decayed in their health by reason of their long voyages under those hot climes).

Whereupon our said subjects, the said Governor and Company, have besought us to regrant and confirm the same unto them.

NOW KNOW YE, that forasmuch as we have found by much experience, that the said trade into the said Indies hath been managed by the said Governor and Company to the honour and profit of this our Realm, and to that end, and out of our earnest desire that the said Governor and Company may, by all good and lawful ways and means, be encouraged in their difficult and hazardous trade and traffic in those remote parts of the world.

We therefore of our especial grace, certain knowledge and mere motion, have given, granted and confirmed, and by these presents, for us our heirs and successors, do give, grant and confirm unto the said Governor and Company of Merchants of London trading into the East Indies, their successors and assigns, all that the said Island of St Helena.

With all the rights, profits, territories and appurtenances whatsoever, and all the soil, lands, fields, woods, mountains, farms, lakes, pools, harbours, rivers, bays, isles, islets, situate or being within the bounds or limits thereof with the fishing of all sorts of fish, whales, sturgeons, and all other royal fishes, in the bays, islets, and rivers within the premises and the fish therein taken.

And all the veins, mines and quarries, as well royal mines as other mines, whether the same be already discovered or not discovered, and also all gold, silver, gems and precious stones, and all other whatsoever, be it of stones, metals or anything whatsoever found or to be found within the veins, mines or quarries of the said Island and premises aforesaid;

And all and singular royalties, revenues, rents, customs, castles, forts, buildings and fortifications erected and to be erected on the premises or any part thereof;

And all privileges, franchises, pre-eminencies and hereditaments whatsoever, within the same or to them or any of them belonging or in any wise appertaining, in as large and ample manner to all intents, constructions and purposes as we ourself now have and enjoy (or may or can have or enjoy) the same by virtue and force of our said conquest thereof or otherwise howsoever.

And them, the said Governor and Company of Merchants of London trading into the East Indies, their successors and assigns, we do by these presents for us, our heirs and successors, make, create and constitute, the true and absolute Lords and Proprietors of the Island and premises aforesaid and of every part and parcel thereof.

Saving and always reserving to us, our heirs and successors, the faith and allegiance to us due and belonging, and our royal power and sovereignty of and over our Subjects and inhabitants there.

To have, hold, possess and enjoy the said Island, and all and singular other the premises herein before granted or mentioned to be granted unto them, the said Governor and Company of Merchants of London trading into the East Indies, their successors and assigns for ever.

To the only use of them the said Governor and Company their successors and assigns for ever more.

To be holden of us, our heirs and successors, as of the manner of East Greenwich in the County of Kent, in free and common socage, and not in capite, nor by knight's service.

AND KNOW YE FURTHER, that we of our more special grace, certain knowledge, and mere motion, have given, granted, and confirmed, and by these presents do give, grant and confirm unto the said Governor and Company, their successors and assigns, to their own proper use and benefit.

All that artillery and all and singular arms, weapons, ordinance, munitions, powder, shot, victuals, magazines, stores, ammunition and provision of war, and other provisions whatsoever.

And all and singular ships, junks, vessels and boats, and all manner of merchandise and wares, clothing, implements, beasts, cattle, horses and mares, which are or remain upon or within the premises, or any part thereof, and belong to us in any manner of wise.

AND WE ARE PLEASED, and do by these presents for us, our heirs and successors, grant unto the said Governor and Company of Merchants of London trading into the East Indies, that for the better supply of the said Island (being a place of no trade or traffic) and of the castles, fortifications, forts, garrisons, colonies and plantations, erected and placed (or to be erected and placed) in or upon the said Island or within the precincts and limits thereof and of the inhabitants there to send out of this Kingdom to the said Island and to the said castles, fortifications, forts, garrisons, colonies, plantations and Inhabitants thereof:

All kind of clothing, provisions of victuals, ammunition, ordnance, and supplements necessary for such purpose, without paying any custom, subsidy or other duty for the same.

As also to transport and carry over such numbers of men being willing thereunto, as they shall think fit.

AND FORASMUCH as we have made such grant of the said Island and premises to the said Governor and Company of Merchants of London trading to the East Indies, and their successors as is before mentioned:

It is therefore needful that such powers, privileges and jurisdictions be granted unto them, as be requisite for the good government and safety thereof, and of the inhabitants thereof.

KNOW YE THEREFORE further that we, reposing especial trust and confidence in their fidelity, justice, wisdom and provident circumspection, have granted, and by these presents for us, our heirs and successors, do grant, unto the said Governor and Company of Merchants of London trading into the East Indies, and their successors, that it shall and may be lawful to and for the said Governor and Company for the time being, or the major part of them present at any public assembly commonly called the General Court, holden for the said Company (the Governor of the said Company or his Deputy being always one) or for the said Governor or his Deputy and Committees for the time being, or the major part of them present at any assembly commonly called the Court of Committees, holden for the said Company (the said Governor or his Deputy being likewise always one)

From time to time to ordain, make, establish, and under their Common Seal to publish any laws, order, ordinances and constitutions whatsoever, for the good government and other use of the said Island and premises and the inhabitants thereof, and the same or any of them again and from time to time to revoke, abrogate and change as they in their discretions shall think fit and convenient.

And also to impose, limit and provide such pains, punishments and penalties by fines, amercements, imprisonments of body, and where the quality of the offence shall require, by taking away life or member, as to the said Governor and Company for the time being or the major part of them present at any such General Court, or to the said Governor or his Deputy and Committees of the said Company, or the major part of them present at any such Court of Committees as aforesaid (the said Governor or his Deputy being always one) shall seem necessary, requisite and convenient for the observation of the same laws, constitutions, orders and ordinances, and for the punishment of offenders against the same, so always as the said laws, constitutions, orders, ordinances, pains, punishments and penalties be consonant to reason, and not repugnant or contrary but as near as may be agreeable to the laws of this our Realm of England, and subject to the savings herein before contained.

AND ALSO of our further special grace, certain knowledge and mere motion, we do by these presents for us, our heirs and successors, give and grant unto the said Governor and Company, and their successors, that it shall and may be lawful to and for the said Governor, or his Deputy and Committees of the said Company for the time being, or the major part of them at any of their said Courts commonly called the Court of Committees, holden for the said Company, from time to time to nominate, make, constitute, ordain and confirm, by such name or names, stile or stiles, as to them shall seem good, such Governor or Governors, Officers or Ministers, Chief Factors, and Agents, and other factors and agents, as shall be by them thought fit and needful to be made, and used for the government, and other use and uses, of the said Island of St Helena, and of the castles, forts, fortifications, and other the premises hereby granted;

And such Governor or Governors, Officers or Ministers, Factors or Agents, at their discretion to revoke, discharge, alter and change, and also to discharge, alter and change all and singular the Governor and Governors, Officers and Ministers, as heretofore have been by us made and appointed for the government and other use of the said Island of St Helena, or of any the forts, fortifications, limits or precincts thereof.

AND WE are also pleased, and by these presents for us, our heirs and successors, do give and grant unto the said Governor and Company and their successors, that it shall and may be lawful to and for the said Governor, or his Deputy and Committees of the said Company for the time being, or the major part of them by themselves or by their Governor or Governor's Officers, and Ministers, Factors and Agents, to be ordained and appointed as aforesaid according to the natures and limits of their respective offices and places within the said Island St Helena the territories and precincts thereof to correct, punish, govern and rule all and every the Subjects of us, our heirs and successors that now do, or at any time hereafter shall, inhabit within the said Island and the precincts thereof according to such laws, orders, ordinances and constitutions as by the said Governor and Company at any General Court or Court of Committees as aforesaid shall be established, and to do all and every other thing and things which to the complete establishment of justice do belong, by court, sessions, forms of judicature and manners of proceedings, therein like unto those established and used in this our Realm of England, although in these presents express mention be not made thereof;

And by Judges and other Officers, by them the said Governor or his Deputy and Committees of the said Company or the major part of them, or by the said Chief Governor or Governors of the said Island St Helena to be delegated to award, process, hold pleas, judge and determine all actions, suits and causes whatsoever of any kind or nature whatsoever;

And to execute all and every such judgement, so always the said laws, ordinances and proceedings be reasonable, and not repugnant or contrary, but as near as may be agreeable to the laws, statues, government and policy, of this our Kingdom of England, and subject to the savings herein.

AND WE DO ALSO confirm and grant unto the said Governor and Company, and their successors, as also to all and every such Governor or Governors or other Officers, Ministers and Commanders as shall be appointed by said Governor or his Deputy, and Committees of the said Company as aforesaid.

To have power and authority of government or command, in and over the said Port and Island, and that they and every of them shall and lawfully may, from time to time and at all times for ever hereafter, for their several defence and safety, encounter, expulse, repel, resist, and subdue, retain and possess by force of arms, as well by sea as by land, and by all ways and means whatsoever, all and every such person and persons whatsoever, as without the special licence and authority of us, our heirs and successors, or of the said Governor and Company and their successors, shall attempt to inhabit within the precincts and limits of the said Island;

And also all and every such person and persons whatsoever, as shall enterprise and attempt any destruction, invasion, hurt, detriment or annoyance thereunto, or to our Subjects inhabiting within the same or any part thereof, or to their or any of their goods, merchandises, interests, properties or estates whatsoever;

AND WE DO FURTHER, for us our heirs and successors, hereby declare, ordain and grant, that such principal Governor or Governors of the said Island as from time to time shall be duly authorised and appointed in manner aforesaid, shall have full power and authority in their respective places, and charges to use and exercise all such powers and authorities in cases of rebellion, mutiny or sedition, of refusing to serve in wars, flying to the enemy, forsaking colours or ensigns, or other offences against law, custom, and discipline military, in as large and ample manner, to all intents and purposes, whatsoever as any Captain-General of our army, by virtue of his office, have used and accustomed, and may or might lawfully do.

AND OF OUR more special grace, certain knowledge and mere motion, we do for us, our heirs and successors, further ordain and grant, that it shall and may be lawful to and for the Governor of the said Company, or his Deputy for the time being, by the appointment of the greater part of Committees for the said Company, assembled in any of their said Courts commonly called the Court of Committees, from time to time and at all times hereafter to administer such a formal and legal Oath as by their discretion shall be reasonably devised unto any person or persons to be employed in, for or concerning the said Island St Helena, or any part thereof.

As well for the true and faithful execution and performance of their respective offices and employments, as also for the rendering a just, true and perfect in writing of all such goods, moneys, and other things as by reason of their said offices and employments shall have come to their respective hands, unto the said Governor and Company, or unto such person or persons, as shall be by them appointed to take the same.

And also to all Governors, Officers and Ministers, Agents and Factors of what nature soever, or by what title soever they shall be called, which shall be lawfully sent or placed in the said Island of St Helena, as well for the good government thereof and of the inhabitants there, as for ordering, safe keeping and true accounting of and for all such lands, goods, profits, commodities, matters, and things whatsoever as shall be committed to their or any of their government's charge, care and custody.

And also to such person or persons as the Governor of the said Company, or his Deputy with the major part of the said Committees for the time being, shall think meet for the examination, or clearing the truth in any cause whatsoever concerning the said Company and relating to the said Island Santa Helena, or concerning any business from thence proceeding or there unto belonging.

AND WE DO FURTHER also for us, our heirs and successors, give and grant unto the said Governor and Company and their successors, that the Chief Governor or Governors resident in the said Island, by what names or titles soever they be called, shall have the like power to minister a formal and legal oath to all other officers and inferior ministers whatsoever in the said Island St Helena, for the just, true and faithful discharge of their several places, duties and services.

As also unto any other person whatsoever for the examination, testifying and clearing of the truth in any cause whatsoever, as well concerning the said Island St Helena as any other particular business there arising, for the maintaining and administration of peace and justice amongst the inhabitants of the said Island, or any other persons in that place.

AND OUR PLEASURE IS, and we do for us, our heirs and successors, declare by these presents, that all and every the persons being our Subjects, which do or shall inhabit within the said Port and Island, and every of their children and posterity, which shall happen to be born within the precincts and limits thereof, shall have and enjoy, all liberties, franchises, immunities, capacities and abilities of Free Denizens, and Natural Subjects, within any of our Dominions, to all intents and purposes as if they had been abiding and born within this our Kingdom of England, or in any other of our Dominions.

AND LASTLY, our will and pleasure is, and we do by these presents for us, our heirs and successors, ordain and grant unto the said Governor and Company of Merchants of London trading into the East Indies and their successors.

That these our Letters Patents, and all and singular grant and clauses herein contained, shall be and continue firm, strong, sufficient, and available in the law, and shall be construed, reputed, and taken as well to the meaning and intent as to the words of the same, most graciously and favourably for the best advantage and benefit of the said Governor and Company and their successors.

Although express mention be not made herein of the true yearly value and certainty of the premises or any part thereof, or of any other gifts or grants made by us, or by any of our ancestors or predecessors to them the said Governor or Company, or any other person or persons whatsoever, or any omission or defect herein or any law, statute, act, provision, order, ordinance, proclamation or restraint heretofore had made published, ordained or provided, or any other clause matter, or thing whatsoever to the contrary thereof in any wise notwithstanding.

In witness whereof, we have caused these our Letters to be made Patents, witness our self at Westminster the sixteenth day of December, in the five and twentieth year of Our Reign [16th December 1673].

By Writ of Privy Seal
Pigot

LOL

Credits:
{a} Napoleon{b} Attributed in the film ‘The King’s Speech’ to King George V, talking about the arrival of ‘The Wireless

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Footnotes:
{1} Dressed in his uniform as a serving RAF Officer.{2} Note that the Coronation of a monarch usually occurs some time after the new monarch accedes to the throne, or not at all in some cases (e.g. Lady Jane Grey).{3} Of either sex; it used to be the oldest male child, but this was changed by Queen Elizabeth II.

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